which of the following best explains diffusion?

Water leaves the cells and the cells shrink. Which of the following explains the diffusion and successful cultivation of many plants and animals in new regions of the world through the Columbian Exchange? What is required for filtration to occur? In general, the inside of a cell has a higher concentration of potassium (K, If sodium ions are outside of a cell, they will tend to move into the cell based on both their concentration gradient (the lower concentration of Na, The combination of concentration gradient and voltage that affects an ions movement is called the. The two images represent different agricultural land survey patterns. Because diffusion happens from high concentration to low concentration, the more molecules are moving, the more opportunities they have to mix together. Passive transport is a way that small molecules or ions move across the cell membrane without input of energy by the cell. Diffusion and Osmosis - Difference and Comparison | Diffen For example, if a block of dry ice (carbon dioxide in solid form) is placed inside a box, carbon dioxide molecules in the center of the block mostly collide with each other and get retained within the solid mass. In this form, the pump really likes to bind (has a high affinity for) sodium ions, and will take up three of them. The cell membrane allows only large molecules to diffuse into the cell. Based on the different types of land use shown in the image, which of the following best explains why soil salinization is a concern in the arid landscape shown? Biologydictionary.net Editors. The hypertonic solution is one one side of the membrane and the hypotonic solution on the other. A&P HW 5 Flashcards | Quizlet The membrane potential of a typical cell is -40 to -80 millivolts, with the minus sign meaning that inside of the cell is more negative than the outside, As an example of how the membrane potential can affect ion movement, lets look at sodium and potassium ions. Diffusion helps in the movement of substances in and out of the cells. A vesicle fuses with the plasma membrane and releases its contents to the extracellular fluid. Which of the following statements is best supported by the images? This is related to both the mass of the molecule and its surface area. this is in relation to the electrochemical gradient section. Which of the following best explains the economic advantage of the type of farm-produced goods shown in the images? A not very well-studied A&P student heard about a phenomenon called water intoxication and thought it sounded fun so she decided to try it. When placed in a hypertonic solution, a red blood cell will lose water and undergo crenation (shrivel). Osmosis is the diffusion of water molecules across a semipermeable membrane from an area of lower concentration solution (i.e., higher concentration of water) to an area of higher concentration solution (i.e., lower concentration of water). These channels are . For instance, one of the ways in which polyester is synthesized is by mixing the appropriate organic acid and alcohol in their liquid form. However, the same phenomenon is not seen when immiscible liquids like petrol and water are mixed together. Instead of feeling drunk, she felt nauseated, developed a severe headache, began to get confused, and then became unconscious. Direct link to Dovid Shaw's post how does the antiporter p, Posted 7 years ago. The IV fluid should be isotonic to the patient's blood. While this charge ratio does make the cells interior slightly more negative, it actually accounts for only a, Instead, the sodium-potassium pump acts primarily by building up a high concentration of potassium ions inside the cell, which makes potassiums concentration gradient very steep. QUESTION 28 Which of the following best explains the role of transcription in a cell? To move substances against a concentration or electrochemical gradient, a cell must use energy. What is the basic difference between simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion across a cell membrane? Muscle cells require an abundant amount of ATP to function. movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. This allows red blood cells to carry oxygen all over your body. Both domesticated plants and animals spread across the globe through contagious diffusion in early years by farmers and traders, and later by relocation diffusion through European exploration and colonialism. The rate of this movement depends on the energy of the molecules. The cell membrane lets certain substances enter the cell and keeps certain substances out of the cell. osmosis, simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion are all what type of process? The mechanization of farming in the Second Agricultural Revolution resulted in more reliable crop harvests and healthier populations in areas where the mechanization was adopted. Diffusion - BBC Bitesize As a prokaryotic cell does not have a nucleus, the DNA is in the cytoplasm. Because of the hydrophilic and hydrophobic nature of the phospholipid, the molecule must be arranged in a specific pattern as only certain parts of the molecule can physically be in contact with water. Domesticated animals such as cattle, horses, pigs, and chickens were introduced to the Americas by European colonizers. Just like the first cup, the sugar is the solute, and the water is the solvent. The English language became a widely spoken language in North America in the twentieth century. One of the main characteristics of diffusion is the movement of molecules along the concentration gradient. Legal. yes, dimensions also play a role in the case of transport. If the outside environment of a cell is water-based, and the inside of the cell is also mostly water, something has to make sure the cell stays intact in this environment. Na+ Ions move easily through water, which is polar, but cannot pass directly through the lipid (nonpolar) part of the cell membrane. If a person is severely dehydrated, their extracellular fluids will become hypertonic to the intracellular fluid. Explain why and how passive transport occurs; Understand the processes of osmosis and diffusion; Define tonicity and describe its relevance to passive transport; Plasma membranes must allow certain substances to enter and leave a cell, while preventing harmful material from entering and essential material from leaving. After addition of 1.00mL1.00 \mathrm{~mL}1.00mL of 2.00102M2.00 \times 10^{-2} \mathrm{M}2.00102M NaCl\mathrm{NaCl}NaCl, the potential changed to 0.1846V-0.1846 \mathrm{~V}0.1846V. Calculate the Na+\mathrm{Na}^{+}Na+concentration of the original solution. B. Microtubules are composed of protein subunits known as: Through the microscope, you see cells swimming. Which of the following best explains diffusion? This can occur with all sorts of matter, but is most commonly observed in liquids and gases. The greater the surface area, the faster the rate of diffusion. Diagram of a sodium-glucose cotransporter, which uses the energy stored in a sodium ion gradient to transport glucose "uphill" against its gradient. A cell is isotonic to the surrounding 4% dextrose solution. In facilitated diffusion, molecules only move with the aid of a protein in the membrane. Which of these statements is NOT true? Fish cells, like all cells, have semipermeable membranes. If a cell is in a hypertonic solution, the solution has a . Great question since proteins are very large and complex they almost always have regions with different characteristics including patches that have negative or positive charges. Allison Soult, Ph.D. (Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky). While this could be facilitated by other molecules, it does not directly involve high-energy molecules such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) or guanosine triphosphate (GTP). Minerals For Erectile Dysfunction - Camping Estanyet For instance, when iodine is sublimated over a hot stove, purple fumes begin to appear and mix with air. Typically, diffusion refers to the movement of molecules from high concentrations to lower concentrations. Watch what happens to the food coloring. Direct link to zykeriaprice2's post what is the main differen, Posted 7 years ago. By osmosis: water will move from solution A to solution B. Epinephrine is taken into the cell by endocytosis; glycogen is converted to glucose in the endocytotic vesicle. Solutions of equal solute concentration are isotonic. Which of the following best explains the process illustrated by the image? Animal cells tend to do best in an isotonic environment, where the flow of water in and out of the cell is occurring at equal rates. The SER synthesizes the majority of the lipid components of the plasma membrane. Adults should handle or assist with potentially harmful materials or sharp objects. The phospholipid is a lipid molecule with a hydrophilic ("water-loving") head and two hydrophobic ("water-hating") tails. Which of these components add specialized functions to the plasma membrane? Which of the following processes require the use of protein carrier molecules? Which of the following spatial patterns is best explained by bid-rent theory? The concentration of sodium ions is lower inside the cell than in the extracellular fluid, while the reverse is true for potassium ions. Simple diffusion and osmosis do not involve transport proteins. (2005). Explanation: When a substance moves from higher concentrated area to a lower concentrated area, is called as diffusion. A. smooth endoplasmic reticulum The difference in the concentrations of the molecules in the two areas is called the concentration gradient. \end{aligned} Cytosol is composed of water and other molecules, including enzymes, which are proteins that speed up the cell's chemical reactions. When you've placed seven or more cards in the Don't know box, tap "retry" to try those cards again. This increases the rate at which solute and solvent molecules move, and increases collisions. Which of the following is least likely to increase the rate of diffusion? If there was a coolant near the mouth of a crucible heating iodine how would that affect its rate of diffusion? Which of the following concepts best explains the driving forces of B. digest and recycle damaged organelles Some transport processes use transport proteins in the plasma membrane, but do not require ATP. If you've accidentally put the card in the wrong box, just tap on the card to take it out of the box. The gradient is steep enough that potassium ions will move out of the cell (via channels), despite a growing negative charge on the interior. In secondary active transport, the movement of the sodium ions down their gradient is coupled to the uphill transport of other substances by a shared carrier protein (a. Although one of these refers to chemical properties and the latter social interaction, both are examples or diffusion. C. movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. passive transport: a method of transporting material that does not require energy. i dont quite understand the secondary active transport. Active transport: primary & secondary overview (article) | Khan Academy molecules move through transport proteins that have been activated by ATP. Passive transport and active transport across a cell membrane article Which of the following is the best situation for maintaining homeostasis? gradient? Put it in freshwater, and the freshwater will, through osmosis, enter the fish, causing its cells to swell, and the fish will die. Mehrer, H. and Stolwijk, N. A. He should be given a hypotonic drip to draw fluid out of his cells. The images shown illustrate a change that took place as the Second Agricultural Revolution coincided with the Industrial Revolution. While they are confined to the smaller surface area within the crucible, the rate of diffusion remains low. At 3M, we discover and innovate in nearly every industry to help solve problems around the world. Imagine now that you have a second cup with \(100 \: \text{mL}\) of water, and you add \(45 \: \text{g}\) of table sugar to the water. Answer: Random movement of molecules is not fast enough to disperse through the larger eukaryotic cell volume, Explanation: Eukaryotic clels are much bigger than prokaryotic cells. What type of membrane junction allows ions to pass directly from the cytoplasm of one cell to the cytoplasm of the adjacent cell? This type of transport is known as _____. For best results enter two or more search terms. Use these flashcards to help memorize information. Process of Osmosis vs. Diffusion . One phosphate group from ATP is attached to the pump, which is then said to be phosphorylated. C. The IV fluid should be hypertonic to the patient's blood. Stirring increases the area of interaction between the two chemicals and allows these molecules to diffuse towards each other more quickly. Diffusion can either be simple diffusion and be facilitated by another molecule. are in the same box the next time you log in. Which of the following best explains why farmers would plant both strawberries and watermelons in the same field? Terms of Service. What four steps should you take to reduce your risk for foodborne illnesses? Which of the following best describes the survey system used in both locations shown? In other words, plasma . Diffusion is a physical process that refers to the net movement of molecules from a region of high concentration to one of lower concentration. D. mitochondria, Which of the following is a function of lysosomes? However, the township-and-range system uses simplified calculation to create a more ordered landscape. This creates a concentration gradient, with concentration of carbon dioxide gradually decreasing with distance from the lump of dry ice. Electrochemical gradients and the membrane potential. selectively permeable: the characteristic of a membrane that allows some substances through but not others. Cells utilize oxygen in the mitochondria for aerobic respiration, which generates carbon dioxide gas as a byproduct. The liver is an organ that can synthesize lipids, such as cholesterol, and detoxify poisons, such as alcohol. Therefore, muscle cells have numerous: Which statement regarding the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) is false? When they move in the same direction, the protein that transports them is called a. At that concentration, the solution is isotonic to the cell. This results in swelling of the cell and potential hemolysis (bursting) of the cell. The image shows the movement of an insoluble molecule from the extracellular space towards the cytoplasm. Invention of the plow eased the intensive use of labor, and the innovation of mechanized farm equipment led to improved food production. This statement describes _____. Some transport processes use transport proteins in the plasma membrane, but do not require ATP. Direct link to Eshita's post No, because the potassium, Posted 7 years ago. Since diffusion moves materials from an area of higher concentration to the lower, it is described as moving solutes "down the concentration gradient". If sublimation is carried out in a narrow crucible, the fumes diffuse slowly out towards the mouth of the container and then rapidly disappear. All the ways scientists do investigations. ", Biologydictionary.net Editors. Secondary active transport uses the energy stored in these gradients to move other substances against their own gradients. This process takes place in the following steps: To begin, the pump is open to the inside of the cell. What is the basic difference between simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion across a cell membrane? What transport process can create a concentration gradient for sodium across the plasma membrane? The first sugar solution is hypotonic to the second solution. A heavier molecule with a larger surface area will diffuse slowly, while smaller, lighter particles will diffuse more quickly. Can you predict, based on the first way of doing the experiment, what might change, if anything? Primary active transport, secondary active transport, exocytosis, and endocytosis are all what type of process? This page titled 8.4: Osmosis and Diffusion is shared under a CK-12 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by CK-12 Foundation. The images show examples of agricultural technology developed during different time periods. (a) Osmosis UEE Main-2020 (Septeimbern) (c) Diffusion (b) Reverse osmosis (d) Dialysis 26. Channels Channel proteins span the membrane and make hydrophilic tunnels across it, allowing their target molecules to pass through by diffusion. The cell is therefore not completely permeable. The majority of water molecules moving across plasma membranes by osmosis do so via a process that is most similar to ____. As time progresses, the differential gradient of concentrations between high and low will drop (become increasingly . Direct link to Samuel Mayer's post In an antiporter it uses , Posted 7 years ago. Pour all of the water down the sink, and wash out the glasses. Simple diagram of a symporter (carrying two molecules in the same direction) and an antiporter (carrying two molecules in opposite directions). Channels are very selective and will accept only one type of molecule (or a few closely related molecules) for transport. The LibreTexts libraries arePowered by NICE CXone Expertand are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. B. if there are more Potassium ions in a cell, how is the cell negatively charged? The sugar dissolves and the mixture that is now in the cup is made up of a solute (the sugar) that is dissolved in the solvent (the water). What process does water use to move across the plasma membrane? Secondary active transport involves the movement of water by osmosis into a cell. The term cytoplasm refers to the cytosol and all of the organelles, the specialized compartments of the cell. Which of the following is NOT one of the functions of the cytoskeleton? This is an example of: Resting membrane potential is due to unequal concentrations of: Two types of active transport via vesicles are: Which of the following best describes secondary active transport? What part of a cell membrane is usually in contact with the interstitial fluid? In simple diffusion, this process proceeds without the aid of a transport protein. At this point, equilibrium is reached. In this experiment, the food coloring that gets added is the same temperature in each of the hot and cold water tests. Technological innovations, such as the devices shown in the images, and increased agricultural productivity led to better diets, longer life expectancies, and more people available for work in factories. In its outward-facing form, the pump switches allegiances and now really likes to bind to (has a high affinity for) potassium ions. Diffusion will continue until the concentration gradient has been eliminated. Which of the following best explains the Green Revolution's highly variable level of success in increasing agricultu. During the Green Revolution, agricultural practices from more developed countries diffused to less developed countries in Asia and Africa. C. peroxisome Direct link to auzennesylvester92's post Are these pumps negativel, Posted 5 years ago. The best explanation for the diffusion of plants and animals from their hearths of domestication is option C. Contagious diffusion in the early years was a way of spreading from one person to the other. Glucose is the most commonly used energy source by human cells because (Points: 1) this is the most abundant macromolecule available for cellular respiration. Irrigation increases the salt content of the soil, which disrupts the growth of crops and degrades soil fertility. Incorrect options: Option A is incorrect because space-time compression is the shortened time or communication between two places. These molecules diffuse freely in and out of the cell, along their concentration gradient. Which of the following is not required for osmosis to occur? Which of the following scenarios best explains the Columbian Exchange? Privacy Policy and Which of the following best explains the diffusion of plants and animals from their hearths of domestication? The sodium-potassium pump uses ATP to move sodium and potassium ions across the plasma membrane. Requested URL: byjus.com/biology/diffusion/, User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/103.0.5060.114 Safari/537.36 Edg/103.0.1264.62. Direct link to Ivana - Science trainee's post Because it is faster to u, Posted 7 years ago. The reaction proceeds as the two reactants diffuse towards each other and undergo a chemical reaction to form esters. The molecules move from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration until the concentration becomes equal . A. In general, to maintain homeostasis the relationship between our intracellular and extracellular fluids should be which of the following? Main difference: In facilitated diffusion, the solute moves down the concentration gradient, from regions of higher to lower concentration, relying on the specificity of the protein carrier to pass through the membrane. Both farming practices require considerable labor input because the fruit is picked by hand, making it a product of intensive agriculture. serve as the site for metabolic reactions such as protein synthesis. An open beaker of water in equilibrium with water vapour is in a sealed container. A. Which of the following explains why multiple early hearths of domestication and diffusion of plants and animals arose across the world in Central America, the Fertile Crescent, the Indus River valley, and Southeast Asia? Which of the following solutions contains the most solute? Similarly, the medium in which diffusion occurs could also be in one of the three physical states. How is the , Posted 7 years ago. Which of the following is most likely to move through the cell membrane by facilitated diffusion? Which of the following is the main component of the cell membrane? Direct link to Srichchha Pradhan's post There are certainly more , Posted 6 years ago. D. Golgi apparatus. Epinephrine diffuses through the plasma membrane; the hormone dimerizes in the cytosol. Not everything can make it into your cells. The inside of all cells also contain a jelly-like substance called cytosol. B. The protein can be toggled back and forth between these forms by the addition or removal of a phosphate group, which is in turn controlled by the binding of the ions to be transported. It is an important process occurring in all living beings. Direct link to Yago's post Why can't the Sodium move, Posted 4 years ago. Direct link to l's post Questions: SDS, RDS, More Regulatory & Compliance Information, Lithium Battery UN 38.3 Test Summary Search, Transparency in Supply Chains and Modern Slavery Disclosures, Fill one glass half full of the coldest water you can get from the tap, Fill the other glass the same amount with the hottest water you can get from the tap. Imagine you're preparing a barbecue of grilled chicken and salad for friends. Direct link to tyersome's post Great question since pr, Posted 7 years ago. "Diffusion." Everything in the cell sits in the cytosol, like fruit in a Jell-o mold. Which of the following explains why oranges are available. C. rough endoplasmic reticulum & y_2^{\prime}=12 y_1 \\ Your cells have a plasma membrane that helps to guard your cells from unwanted intruders. \dot{Q}_{\mathrm{H}}=500 \mathrm{kW}, \dot{Q}_{\mathrm{C}}=100 \mathrm{kW}} \\ {\text { b. } Which of the following explains an impact of globalized agricultural commodity chains on consumers as compared to producers? Small-scale farmers in Asia often lacked the resources necessary to acquire the hybrid . Township and range: unit-block field patterns with dispersed farmsteads and occasional villages. How To Prolong Ejaculation During Intercourse? Osmosis is the diffusion of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. The second sugar solution is hypertonic to the first. The tonicity of the IV fluid doesn't matterthe patient won't be in the operating room that long so any tonicity would be OK for a couple of hours. Examples of molecules that can easily diffuse across the plasma membrane include carbon dioxide and oxygen gas. The cytoplasm does not include the nucleus. Because a solute moving down its concentration gradient is spontaneous. Although it may feel like you're playing a game, your brain is still making more connections with the information to help you out.

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